Peer-to-Peer (P2P) hat sich binnen kurzer Zeit zu einem der meistdiskutierten Phänomene in der jüngeren Geschichte der Informationstechnologie herausgebildet. Die millionenfach frequentierten Musiktauschbörsen wie etwa Napster haben dabei zu kontroversen Bewertungen von P2P geführt. Neben File-Sharing à la Napster zählen Instant Messaging, Collaboration/P2P Groupware, Grid bzw. Distributed Computing und Web Services zu den weiteren Facetten von P2P. Damit verbunden ist die Vorstellung leistungsfähiger Infrastrukturen für virtuelle Gemeinschaften, die Ressourcen teilen, Informationsaustauschprozesse beschleunigen und neuartige kollaborative Arbeitsumgebungen ermöglichen, ohne dass es einer zentralen Koordinationsinstanz bedarf. Die Autoren analysieren aus ökonomischer, technologischer und juristischer Perspektive Innovationspotentiale, offene Fragen und Risiken aller Anwendungsbereiche von P2P, stellen zentrale Konzepte, Geschäftsmodelle und professionelle Einsatzmöglichkeiten vor, diskutieren anhand aktueller Praxisbeispiele u.a. der Medienbranche Herausforderungen und skizzieren Technik-Initiativen wichtiger Marktspieler.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing is currently attracting enormous public attention, spurred by the popularity of file-sharing systems such as Napster, Gnutella, Morpheus, Kaza, and several others. In P2P systems, a very large number of autonomous computing nodes, the peers, rely on each other for services. P2P networks are emerging as a new distributed computing paradigm because of their potential to harness the computing power and the storage capacity of the hosts composing the network, and because they realize a completely open decentralized environment where everybody can join in autonomously. Although researchers working on distributed computing, multiagent systems, databases, and networks have been using similar concepts for a long time, it is only recently that papers motivated by the current P2P paradigm have started appearing in high quality conferences and workshops. In particular, research on agent systems appears to be most relevant because multiagent systems have always been thought of as networks of autonomous peers since their inception. Agents, which can be superimposed on the P2P architecture, embody the description of task environments, decision-support capabilities, social behaviors, trust and reputation, and interaction protocols among peers. The emphasis on decentralization, autonomy, ease, and speed of growth that gives P2P its advantages also leads to significant potential problems. Most prominent among these are coordination – the ability of an agent to make decisions on its own actions in the context of activities of other agents, and scalability – the value of the P2P systems in how well they self-organize so as to scale along several dimensions, including complexity, heterogeneity of peers, robustness, traffic redistribution, etc. This book brings together an introduction, three invited articles, and revised versions of the papers presented at the Second International Workshop on Agents and Peer-to-Peer Computing, AP2PC 2003, held in Melbourne, Australia, July 2003.

Applications that require a high degree of distribution and loosely-coupled connectivity are ubiquitous in various domains, including scientific databases, bioinformatics, and multimedia retrieval. In all these applications, data is typically voluminous and multidimensional, and support for advanced query operators is required for effective querying and efficient processing. To address this challenge, we adopt a hybrid P2P architecture and propose novel indexing and query processing algorithms. We present a scalable framework that relies on data summaries that are distributed and maintained as multidimensional routing indices. Different types of data summaries enable efficient processing of a variety of advanced query operators.

At times when the IT manager’s best friend is systems consolidation (which is a euphemism for centralisation), it may come somewhat as a surprise for you that this book investigates decentralisation in the context of content management systems. It may seem quite obvious that content will and should be managed by the party who creates and owns the content, and hence should be held in a—somewhat—centralised and managed location. However, over the past few years, we have been witnesses of some important trends and developments which call for novel ways of thinking about content management and maybe even broader, about computer systems in general. First, ongoing business globalization creates natural distribution of information at a corp- ate level, as well as decentralization of control over business resources and business processes. Changing alliances with partners require ?exible architectures for content management that canadapttochangingconstellations, roles, andaccessrights. Second, theneedforoutsourcing and resource e?ciency has brought about concepts of virtualization, recently culminating in the cloud computing buzzword. Virtualization of content management services requires - tremely scalable and ?exible underlying information and communication architectures. These kinds of solutions are theoretically and practically impossible to implement based on c- tralised client-server architectures. Third, we are currently experiencing a dramatic shift in the roles of consumers in the Internet. The times have gone when quality content was only delivered by publishers and news agencies. Wikis and other Web 2. 0 tools empower consumers to produce and publish their personal content.

J. Matthias Starck comprehensively guides the reader in this essential through all steps of writing an expert review for a scientific journal. It is built on a succinct analysis how science works, how science is communicated and how science is published. It provides a critical guide how to write good, informative and fair peer reviews. The author presents a critical discussion of different peer review procedures and their alternatives, explains ethical guidelines as well as the dark sides of scientific publishing. So this essential helps the reader to perform better in the existing system and to contribute to its further development and improvement.

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